PV Module Parameters

Menu Databases > PV-Modules > Edit / Copy selection
or: Page PV-Modules > (Module Data) Select > Edit / Copy selection

The data sheet includes several pages.

When you are editing your own data set, it will be checked at the end of the entry.

Page: Basic Data

Select a manufacturer (Company). Enter new companies by using the buttons Edit and then New .

The module type may not exceed a length of 255 characters.

Indicate whether this module type is available.

Available certifications are: CE, ETL, SB1, UL

Page: Electrical Data

Cell type

Most cells are made of either monocrystalline silicon or polycrystalline silicon and a few are of amorphous silicon. Additionnally, there are:

EFG = Edgedefined Film Growth, special production method for silicon

Apex = PV modules from BP. no longer available

ribbon = PV modules, manufactured using the String-Ribbon method

HIT = Heterojunction with intrinsic thin layer, crystalline SI thin layer, enclosed by ultra-thin amorphous silicon

CIS = Copper-Indium-Gallium-Diselenide

CdTe = Cadmium-Telluride

triple a-Si = triple-junction“ thin film module made of amorphous Silicon

microcrystalline = microcrystalline Silicon

Only suitable for transformer inverters

Some PV modules can only be operated with galvanic isolation, i.e. not with transformerless inverters.

Number of cells

... on the PV module

Number of bypass diodes

... on the PV module. Bypass diodes ensure that if there is some shade the entire module is not deactivated or short circuited.

Cell strings perpendicular to short side /Cell strings parallel to short side

The cell strings are normally connected perpendicular to the short side.

Page: Mechanical Variables

Dimensions: height [m], width [m]

Height * Width = Solar Surface Area

And depth, frame width, weight

framed

Page: UI Characteristics at STC

The entries on this page are only valid for standard test conditions (STC), i.e. 25° module temperature, sunlight spectrum of AM 1.5, and 1000 W/m² irradiance.

MPP Voltage [V], MPP Current [A]

The power output of the modules is dependent on the module temperature and irradiance, and the module voltage. There is a current/voltage characteristic curve for each module temperature and irradiance.

The MPP is the working point on this curve at which the module's power output is at a maximum (maximum power point).

The MPP voltage and MPP current are only valid for standard test conditions.

This has to be determined by the program. In the PV system, this job is done by the inverter. The inverter controls the PV array in such a way that maximum output from the current and voltage is obtained (MPP tracking).

Open Circuit Voltage [V]

The voltage level for a module with no load This is also dependent on temperature and irradiance.

Short Circuit Current [A]

The current flowing through a short circuited module This is also dependent on temperature and irradiance.

Fill Factor FF

The ratio between the power in the MPP and the product from short circuit current and open-circuit voltage:

FF = PMPP / (UOC * ISC)

Increased Open Circuit Voltage prior to Stabilization, [%]

This value indicates in percent how much higher the electricity supplied by the open circuit voltage is than the given STC open circuit voltage. The system review is based on this value.

Power rating [W]

Module output under standard test conditions (STC) Efficiency [%].

Module efficiency [%]

Module efficiency under standard test conditions.

For the simulation, the program uses the following formula to determine the Active Solar Surface Area from the Calculated Output and Efficiency:

Power Rating (STC) = 1000 W/m² * η(STC) * Active Solar Surface Area.

Page: U/I Characteristics at Part Load

Here it is defined how the PV module behaves at low irradiance. The efficiency given on data sheets relates to a module temperature of 25 °C and irradiance of 1000 W/m², although, for most of the year, this is not reached by PV systems in Central Europe. This is why the efficiency at lower irradiance is very important for the simulation results.

Working Point for Standard Test Conditions (STC)

Here you can view the values that you entered on the previous page for comparison.

Partial load model

Select a source for the values: Manufacturer/Yourself or Standard

For values from the manufacturer/your own PV modules, you can enter the characteristic partial load values yourself.  To calculate the efficiency, the PV*SOL model is used.

For values from standard PV modules, all values are calculated automatically. In order to calculate the efficiency, one of the two models is used, depending on the PV module.

PV*SOL Model

In normal cases, the PV*SOL's own partial load model is used for the calculation, which achieved very good accuracy for the majority of module technologies. The model is used as standard for all technologies, except those based on mono- and polycrystalline silicon. Under low irradiance, the PV*SOL tends to calculate voltages too low and this provides a very conservative estimate of the energy yield.

If the conditions for the use of the two-diode model are not fulfilled, the PV*SOL is resorted back to. If manufacturer specifications on the partial load behavior are not available or if your own values for this are entered (irradiance, partial load-MPP-voltage, partial load open circuit voltage), then the PV*SOL model will again be used.

Two-diode model

For mono- and polycrystalline modules based on silicon, the two-diode model is used, provided all the necessary conditions are fulfilled. For these module types, the two-diode model delivers the most accurate results for the electrical values. The deviations between the two-diode model and measurement are found in the area of measurement uncertainty.

The conditions for the usage of the two-diode model are as follows:

Page: Further Parameters

Temperature Coefficients

Enter values either in mV/K or in %/K.

Voltage Coefficient (Uoc) [mV/K]

This value expresses the increase in voltage when the module temperature increases by one degree. The warmer the module, the smaller the voltage, i.e. this coefficient is negative.

Current Coefficient (Isc)[mA/K]

This value expresses the increase in current (amperes) when the module temperature increases by one degree. The warmer the module, the higher the current, i.e. this coefficient is positive.

Output Coefficient [%]

The warmer the module, the lower its power output. The power coefficient is negative and is given as a percentage of the power rating.

Incident Angle Modifier [%]

The glass reflects part of the radiation away from the module resulting in a loss of current. The incident angle modifier reduces the amount of direct radiation falling onto the module.

Maximum System Voltage[V]

The maximum system voltage cannot be exceeded for safety reasons. This is mainly of relevance in the case of the series connection of PV modules.

Page: PV Module Characteristic Curves

Here you can display the characteristic curves of the PV module under different conditions.

Eta characteristic curve

The efficiency level shows how the relative efficiency (in relation to the efficiency level under STC conditions) changes with the irradiation. The performance curves for various module temperatures are displayed.

U-I characteristic curve

The U-I performance curves display the current/voltage combinations a module can deliver by specified irradiation. These performance curves are important for the interaction between the power inverter and it's MPP tracker.

U-P characteristic curve

The output of a module at a pre-determined voltage can be determined from the U-P performance curves.

-> See also:

Creating and Editing your own Data Records